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Marek Edelman ((イディッシュ語:מאַרעק עדעלמאַן), born either 1919 in Homel〔 or 1922 in Warsaw – October 2, 2009, Warsaw, Poland) was a Jewish-Polish political and social activist and cardiologist. Before his death in 2009, Edelman was the last surviving leader of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. Before World War II, he was a General Jewish Labour Bund activist. During the war he co-founded the Jewish Combat Organization (ŻOB). He took part in the 1943 Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, becoming its leader after the death of Mordechaj Anielewicz. He also took part in the city-wide 1944 Warsaw Uprising. After the war, Edelman remained in Poland and became a noted cardiologist. From the 1970s, he collaborated with the Workers' Defence Committee and other political groups opposing Poland's communist regime. As a member of Solidarity, he took part in the Polish Round Table Talks of 1989. Following the peaceful transformations of 1989, he was a member of various centrist and liberal parties. He also wrote books documenting the history of wartime resistance against the Nazi German occupation of Poland. ==Early life== Details of Marek Edelman's birth are not known for certain; sources give two possible years of birth, either 1919 in Homel (present-day Belarus),〔〔Jerzy B. Warman, (''In Memoriam'' ), American Gathering of Jewish Holocaust Survivors and their Descendants; accessed November 1, 2015.〕 or in 1922 in Warsaw. His father, Natan Feliks Edelman (died 1924), was a member of the Socialist Revolutionary Party (his father's brothers, also Socialist Revolutionaries, were executed by the Bolsheviks).〔 His mother, Cecylia Edelman (died 1934), a hospital secretary, was an activist member of the General Jewish Labour Bund, a Jewish socialist workers' party.〔("Marek Edelman - biografia" ); accessed November 1, 2015.〕 After Edelman's mother Cecylia died when he was 14 years old, he was looked after by other staff members at the hospital where she had worked in Warsaw, the city he always called home.〔(Marek Edelman ) - ''Daily Telegraph'' obituary.〕 He said in 2001: "Warsaw is my city. It is here that I learned Polish, Yiddish and German. It is here that at school, I learned one must always take care of others. It is also here that I was slapped in the face just because I was a Jew."〔 As a child, Edelman was a member of Sotsyalistishe Kinder Farband (SKIF), the Jewish Labour Bund's youth group for children.〔Izabela Leszczyńska, Maciej Stańczyk, ("Zmarł Marek Edelman" ), kurierlubelski.pl, March 10, 2009. 〕 In 1939 he joined and became a leader in ''Tsukunft'' (''Future''), the Bund's youth organization for older children. During the war, he restarted these organizations inside the Warsaw Ghetto.〔Yitzhak Zuckerman, Barbara Harshav, ("A surplus of memory: chronicle of the Warsaw Ghetto uprising" ), University of California Press, 1993, pg. 434.〕 The defiance and organization of the Bund made their mark on Edelman. As conditions for Jews worsened in the 1930s, Bund members preferred to challenge the mounting antisemitism rather than flee. Edelman later said: "The Bundists did not wait for the Messiah, nor did they plan to leave for Palestine. They believed that Poland was their country, and they fought for a just, socialist Poland in which each nationality would have its own cultural autonomy, and in which minorities' rights would be guaranteed."〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Marek Edelman」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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